Examining Urban Park Safety Indicators and Their Impact on Urban Crisis Management (Case Study: Tehran)
Keywords:
Green space, crisis management, safety, evaluation, urban parksAbstract
Ensuring the safety of urban parks and green spaces is of paramount importance. This process involves the design and implementation of safety infrastructures such as standard pedestrian pathways, appropriate lighting, the installation of safe playground equipment, and continuous monitoring of space conditions. Additionally, the use of environmentally friendly materials and the provision of suitable facilities for individuals with special needs are among the crucial measures in this regard. This study is designed to propose models for assessing the environmental and safety conditions of urban green spaces in the context of crisis events. The research is based on the collection of necessary data through field studies conducted in Rezvan Park, located in District 10 of the Tehran Municipality, as a case study. The study identifies strengths, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities related to the research topic. The findings were categorized into two matrices: the Internal Factor Evaluation Matrix (I.F.E.M) and the External Factor Evaluation Matrix (E.F.E.M), structured within the SWOT model, and weighted by 15 experts. Based on the scores obtained, operational strategies were formulated to improve the safety conditions of the study site in alignment with urban crisis management. Subsequently, the strategies derived from the SWOT model were weighted and prioritized using the Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) based on their correlation with the strengths, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities identified in the I.F.E.M and E.F.E.M matrices. Finally, to determine the strategic position of the project and conduct a precise assessment for selecting appropriate corrective strategies, the Strategic Position and Action Evaluation (SPACE) model was employed. Based on the results, specific and general recommendations were presented to enhance the safety of urban green spaces for effective urban crisis management.
Downloads
References
Azadi, F., & Bamanian, M. (2022). A Process Model for the Scenic Quality of Tehran's Urban Green Spaces Using the Interpretive
Structural Model (ISM). Urban Research and Planning, 13(51), 19-30. https://jupm.marvdasht.iau.ir/article_5519.html
Branas, C. C., Cheney, R. A., MacDonald, J. M., Tam, V. W., Jackson, T. D., & Ten Have, T. R. (2011). A difference-in-differences analysis of
health, safety, and greening vacant urban space. American Journal of Epidemiology, 174(11), 1296-1306.
https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwr273
Chiesura, A. (2004). The role of urban parks for the sustainable city. Landscape and Urban Planning, 68(1), 129-138.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2003.08.003
Cohen, L. E., & Felson, M. (1979). Social change and crime rate trends: A routine activity approach. American Sociological Review, 44(4),
588-608. https://doi.org/10.2307/2094589
Cozens, P. (2008a). Crime prevention through environmental design in Western Australia: Planning for sustainable urban futures.
International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 3(3), 272-292. https://doi.org/10.2495/SDP-V3-N3-272-292
Cozens, P. (2008b). New urbanism, crime and the suburbs: A review of the evidence. Urban Policy and Research, 26(4), 417-432.
https://doi.org/10.1080/08111140802084759
Cozens, P., & Love, T. (2015). A review and current status of crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED). Journal of Planning
Literature, 30(4), 393-412. https://doi.org/10.1177/0885412215595440
Garvin, E., Cannuscio, C., & Branas, C. (2013). Greening vacant lots to reduce violent crime: A randomised controlled trial. Injury
prevention, 19(3), 198-203. https://doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040439
Gehl, J. (2011). Life between buildings: Using public space. Island Press.
https://www.scirp.org/reference/referencespapers?referenceid=1845563
Jabbar, M., Yusoff, M. M., & Shafie, A. (2022). Assessing the role of urban green spaces for human well-being: A systematic review.
Geojournal, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-021-10474-7
Jennings, V., Larson, L., & Yun, J. (2016). Advancing sustainability through urban green space: Cultural ecosystem services, equity, and
social determinants of health. International journal of environmental research and public health, 13(2), 196.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13020196
Jennings, V., Yun, J., & Larson, L. (2016). Finding common ground: The importance of place attachment to community participation and
planning. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 45, 89-98. https://www.sid.ir/FileServer/JF/38413942405
Jim, C. Y., & Chen, W. Y. (2009a). Ecosystem services and valuation of urban forests in China. Cities, 26(4), 187-194.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2009.03.003
Jim, C. Y., & Chen, W. Y. (2009b). Urban green space planning based on the environmental justice principle: A study in Beijing, China.
Landscape and Urban Planning, 92(3-4), 31-40. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363251567_Urban_Green_Space
Johnson, L., & Miller, R. (2022). Adapting urban spaces for post-pandemic resilience. Urban Planning and Development, 15(3), 200-210.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352135331_Adaptation_Urbanism_and_Resilient_Communities
Kabisch, N., Qureshi, S., & Haase, D. (2017). Human-environment interactions in urban green spaces-a systematic review of contemporary
issues and prospects for future research. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 62, 25-41.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2014.08.007
Kaczynski, A. T., & Henderson, K. A. (2008). Parks and recreation settings and active living: A review of associations with physical activity
function and intensity. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 5(4), 619-632. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.5.4.619
Kaczynski, A. T., Potwarka, L. R., & Saelens, B. E. (2008). Association of park size, distance, and features with physical activity in
neighborhood parks. American Journal of Public Health, 98(8), 1451-1456. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2007.129064
Korpilo, S., Kajosaari, A., Rinne, T., Hasanzadeh, K., Raymond, C. M., & Kyttä, M. (2021). Coping with crisis: Green space use in Helsinki
before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Sustainable Cities, 3, 713977. https://doi.org/10.3389/frsc.2021.713977
Kwon, O. H., Hong, I., Yang, J., Wohn, D. Y., Jung, W. S., & Cha, M. (2021). Urban green space and happiness in developed countries. EPJ
Data Science, 10(1), 28. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjds/s13688-021-00278-7
Laghai, H., & Asghari Tabari, M. (2003). Safety Management in Parks and Green Spaces of Tehran (Case Study: Municipality of District 3 of
Tehran). Environmental Science and Technology, 19(4), 13-25. https://www.sid.ir/paper/87289/fa
Lilli, A., Tsekeri, E., & Kolokotsa, D. (2024). A health relevant approach for assessing urban green spaces. Discover Cities, 1(1), 1-18.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s44327-024-00029-z
Mahdnejad, H. (2022). Presentation of a theoretical framework of the process of operationalizing the Symbio City: Meta-Synthesis
Approach. Urban Economics, 7(1), 53-72. https://doi.org/10.22108/ue.2023.138953.1268
Misiune, I., Julian, J. P., & Veteikis, D. (2021). Pull and push factors for use of urban green spaces and priorities for their ecosystem
services: Case study of Vilnius, Lithuania. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 58, 126899. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2020.126899
Mohammadi, M., Esmaeili, M. R., & Zarei, A. (2022). model of perception Utility of Parks Sports Space on Tehran City. Sport Management
Journal, 14(2), 42-25.
Omidvari, M., & Ghandahari, M. (2019). Presenting a Simple Model for Assessing Environmental Performance in Urban Management
Using AHP. Environmental Science and Technology, 21(7 (Consecutive 86)), 207-219. https://www.sid.ir/paper/364144/fa
Palliwoda, J., & Priess, J. A. (2021). What do people value in urban green? Linking characteristics of urban green spaces to users'
perceptions of nature benefits, disturbances, and disservices. Ecology and Society, 26(1), 28. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-12204-
260128
Pradnyapasa, D. A. (2023). Identify the Use of Sekartaji Park in Kediri City as a Creative Public Space. Iop Conference Series Earth and
Environmental Science, 1267(1), 012039. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1267/1/012039
Rajaei, S. A., Pourahmad, A., Khorasani, M., & Nia, H. Y. (2021). The effects of physical expansion on the environmental resilience of the
city of Babylon. Geography, 19(69), 131-150. https://www.magiran.com/paper/2321503
Reyes-Riveros, R., Altamirano, A., De La Barrera, F., Rozas-Vásquez, D., Vieli, L., & Meli, P. (2021). Linking public urban green spaces and
human well-being: A systematic review. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 61, 127105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2021.127105
Ristianti, N. S. (2024). Using Biophilic Design to Enhance Resilience of Urban Parks in Semarang City, Indonesia. Nakhara Journal of
Environmental Design and Planning, 23(1), 402. https://doi.org/10.54028/nj202423402
Schroeder, H. W., & Anderson, L. M. (1984). Perception of personal safety in urban recreation sites. Journal of Leisure Research, 16(2),
178-194. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.1984.11969584
Semeraro, T., Scarano, A., Buccolieri, R., Santino, A., & Aarrevaara, E. (2021). Planning of urban green spaces: An ecological perspective on
human benefits. Land, 10(2), 105. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10020105
Wan, C., Shen, G. Q., & Choi, S. (2021). Underlying relationships between public urban green spaces and social cohesion: A systematic
literature review. City, Culture and Society, 24, 100383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccs.2021.100383
Wilson, J. Q., & Kelling, G. L. (1982). Broken windows: The police and neighborhood safety. The Atlantic Monthly, 249(3), 29-38.
https://population.un.org/wup/assets/WUP2018-Report.pdf
Wolch, J. R., Byrne, J., & Newell, J. P. (2014). Urban green space, public health, and environmental justice: The challenge of making cities
'just green enough.'. Landscape and Urban Planning, 125, 234-244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.01.017
Yermukhanova, L., Buribayeva, Z., Abdikadirova, I., Tursynbekova, A., & Kurganbekova, M. (2022). SWOT Analysis and Expert Assessment
of the Effectiveness of the Introduction of Healthcare Information Systems in Polyclinics in Aktobe, Kazakhstan. Journal of Preventive
Medicine & Public Health, 55(6), 539-548. https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.360
Downloads
Published
Submitted
Revised
Accepted
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 محمدرضا افخم (نویسنده); سعید گیوه چی; سعید کریمی (نویسنده)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
