طراحی الگوی گردشگری ورزش‌های ماجراجویانه با رویکرد توسعه کسب‌وکار ورزشی و جاذبه‌های طبیعی در استان‌های غرب کشور

مهدی  بهاری; حمید فروغی پور

Authors

Mehdi bahari PhD Students,Department of Sports Management, Bo.C., Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran Author https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5861-6759
Hamid Foroghi por Department of Spots Management, Bo.C., Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6282-4302

Keywords:

Sports tourism, sports business, natural attractions

Abstract

This study aimed to design and validate an adventure sports tourism model emphasizing sports business development and the utilization of natural attractions in the western provinces of Iran. This applied study employed a sequential exploratory mixed-methods design consisting of qualitative and quantitative phases. In the qualitative phase, experts in sport management and professionals involved in sports tourism businesses were selected through criterion-based purposive sampling. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews until data saturation was reached and were analyzed through thematic analysis and coding procedures. Based on the qualitative findings, a researcher-developed 57-item questionnaire was constructed. In the quantitative phase, 201 sport management academics, managers of relevant organizations, postgraduate students, and professionals active in the sports tourism industry participated. Content validity was assessed using the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI), while internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha. The measurement and structural models were validated through partial least squares structural equation modeling using SmartPLS 3. The mean CVR for the proposed model was 0.974. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients ranged from 0.815 to 0.941, composite reliability coefficients ranged from 0.875 to 0.954, and average variance extracted values ranged from 0.580 to 0.776, confirming satisfactory internal consistency and convergent validity for all constructs. The coefficients of determination ranged from 0.773 to 0.931, indicating substantial explanatory power of the model. Goodness-of-fit values for the model dimensions ranged from 0.185 to 0.224, while the overall GOF was reported at approximately 0.200, supporting the acceptable fit and empirical validity of the proposed model. The validated model indicates that sustainable development of adventure sports tourism in western Iran requires an integrated approach combining natural destination capacities, infrastructure and safety, tourist experience development, sports business and entrepreneurship, and effective governance and human capital. The model can provide a practical framework for regional planning, investment, and policy-making aimed at developing sustainable adventure sports tourism.

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