Identification and Examination of Factors Affecting Social and Professional Responsibility to Propose an Appropriate Perceptual Framework: A Case Study of Physics Teachers in Secondary Schools in Iraq

Abstract

The present study aims to identify and examine the factors influencing social and professional responsibility to propose an appropriate perceptual framework among physics teachers in secondary schools in Iraq. This research is a descriptive-survey study in terms of data collection and an applied study with a mixed-methods approach in terms of objectives. The statistical population in the first phase of the study (qualitative section) includes education experts in Iraq and specialists related to the subject in the faculties of educational sciences and educational management at universities in Iraq. Using purposive sampling and theoretical saturation, 12 participants were selected as the sample. In the quantitative section, the statistical population consists of physics teachers in secondary schools in Babil Governorate, Iraq, who are currently teaching. Based on Krejcie and Morgan's sampling table and using a combined (cluster-stratified) sampling method, 240 individuals were selected as the statistical sample. The data collection instrument in the qualitative section was a semi-structured interview, whose validity was confirmed through member checking and peer review. In the quantitative section, a researcher-made questionnaire comprising 60 items was used for data collection. The validity of the questionnaire was assessed by experts and scholars, and its reliability was confirmed with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.870. In the descriptive statistics section, frequency distribution tables, charts, mean, and standard deviation were utilized, while qualitative data were analyzed using coding and quotations. In the inferential statistics section, t-tests and structural equation modeling were employed. The software used for data analysis included SPSS and LISREL. Based on the findings, the most significant indicators of responsibility among physics teachers in Iraq were identified within 35 indicators. These indicators were categorized into two main groups: social responsibility (22 indicators) and professional responsibility (13 indicators). In the structural section, the model of relationships among research variables and the measurement model of variables were confirmed with an appropriate fit.