Management, Education and Development in Digital Age

Factors Affecting the Development of Zurkhaneh Sports in Iran with a Futures Studies Approach

Mohmmad Reza Mouchani

; Ali Zarei *

; Zahra Haji anzahaei

The purpose of this study is to identify the key factors influencing the development of Zurkhaneh sports in Iran using a futures studies approach. This applied research was conducted using a mixed-methods design (qualitative–quantitative). The statistical population consisted of academic experts and traditional sports veterans, selected purposefully via snowball sampling. Data collection tools included two questionnaires (impact/certainty) and one matrix questionnaire, all validated by experts. The reliability of the tools was confirmed through Cronbach’s alpha, with coefficients of 0.967 and 0.901 for the respective questionnaires. Analysis using MICMAC software identified seven key factors influencing the future development of Zurkhaneh sports: (1) regular organization of competitions at schools, universities, and traditional gymnasiums; (2) enhanced coordination between government and parliament in allocating budgets for ancient sports; (3) alignment among sports federations and national bodies in event organization; (4) utilization of non-sport organizations such as municipalities and armed forces to increase public participation; (5) increased engagement from non-sport entities like labor unions, students, and military personnel; (6) provincial league development; and (7) strategic use of mass media to raise public awareness. The results reveal that there is a lack of integrated structure and coordination among institutions involved in Zurkhaneh sports. Fragmented efforts and the absence of a unified strategic framework limit its national development. Addressing these coordination gaps is crucial for the effective planning and governance of this cultural and athletic heritage.

Identification and Prioritization of Factors Influencing Convert Leadership Based on the Lived Experiences of Higher Education Center Managers

Farhad Heidari

; Faranak Mosavi *

; Maryam Eslampanah

; Elham Kaveani

The aim of this study is to identify and prioritize the factors influencing convert leadership based on the lived experiences of managers in higher education centers. This research adopts a descriptive-survey approach and is applied in nature. The statistical population included managers of universities and higher education institutions in the western provinces of Iran (Kermanshah, Kurdistan, Hamedan, and Ilam). Using purposive quota sampling, 215 individuals were selected as the statistical sample. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of faculty members and management experts, and its reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The research findings ultimately led to the identification of factors influencing convert leadership based on the lived experiences of higher education managers, conceptualized within a convert leadership model. This model includes components such as knowledge-based economic development, technological advancement, educational revolution, learning environment, information and digital literacy, managerial competencies, legal requirements and frameworks, unwritten rules, organizational policies, decentralized management, innovation ecosystems, digital participation, globalization, digital governance, digital ecosystems, and data management. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis of the convert leadership model demonstrated that the convert leadership style model based on the lived experiences of higher education managers is well-fitted and applicable. The data are reliable, and the resulting model possesses sufficient validity. Furthermore, the ranking results indicated that the most influential factors on convert leadership are technological advancement, educational revolution, and information and digital literacy. Other factors—such as organizational policies, legal requirements and frameworks, learning environment, digital governance, data management, digital ecosystems, digital participation, globalization, managerial competencies, decentralized management, unwritten rules, innovation ecosystems, and knowledge-based economic development—followed in descending order of importance.

An Integrated ISM and Fuzzy AHP Approach to Improve Iranian Handicraft Businesses in the E-Commerce Context with a Focus on Enhancing Customer Trust

Ruholah Sohrabi

; Mohsen Seidi *

This study aims to apply an integrated ISM and fuzzy AHP approach to improve Iranian handicraft businesses within the e-commerce context, focusing on enhancing customer trust. A mixed-method design was used, incorporating qualitative and quantitative elements. Eight experts in the field of handicrafts and e-commerce were selected through purposive sampling. Initially, 16 customer trust-related factors were identified based on literature and expert input. Using the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) approach, a hierarchical structure was developed to represent relationships among these factors. Subsequently, the fuzzy AHP method was employed to prioritize and weight these factors through pairwise comparison questionnaires. The consistency ratio was checked to ensure the reliability of the data. The ISM results positioned “accurate and comprehensive product presentation” and “continuous inspection and performance reporting of the website” at the top of the hierarchy, indicating their high influence on customer trust. In contrast, “creating comfort and security in purchases” was ranked lowest. The fuzzy AHP analysis confirmed these findings, with the top two factors receiving the highest normalized weights (0.0635). Other influential factors included “customer behavior tracking” and “customer relationship management,” which followed in ranking. The integrated ISM–fuzzy AHP model provides a structured and effective framework for analyzing and improving customer trust in the e-commerce-based handicrafts sector. Strategic focus should be placed on detailed product descriptions and website performance monitoring to reduce perceived risks and foster sustainable customer trust.

Work–Life Balance in Teleworking Conditions in Government Organizations: Strategies and Outcomes

Ehsan Dahwi Abbas Al-Qurashi

; Yaghoob Maharati *

; Ghasem Eslami

, Mohammad Mahdi Farahi

This study investigates and identifies strategies and outcomes related to achieving work–life balance under teleworking conditions in Iraqi government institutions. To achieve this goal, the research employed an interpretivist philosophical framework, a qualitative methodology, a grounded theory strategy with an emergent approach, and a thematic analysis technique based on Glaserian coding. Participants in this study were managers and employees from Iraqi governmental organizations who were purposefully selected. The selection criteria included possessing both theoretical and practical knowledge in the research domain, proficiency in teleworking processes and work–life balance, as well as direct experience with remote work. The final sample comprised 21 individuals with a minimum of ten years of work experience and a comprehensive understanding of the research subject. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using theoretical sampling, with saturation assessed accordingly. To ensure the rigor and credibility of the results (validity and reliability), the four criteria of Guba and Lincoln—credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability—were employed. Based on the findings, the factors influencing work–life balance were categorized into 17 core components and 45 sub-categories. Identified strategies included teleworking infrastructure, training and development, support and assistance, security, online team orientation, time management, balance and stability, flexible culture, leadership style, and innovation. The results demonstrated that implementing these strategies and addressing the underlying causes of work–life balance in teleworking conditions within Iraqi organizations can lead to outcomes such as behavioral improvement, enhanced remote collaboration, improved general well-being, psychological development of employees, increased organizational productivity, enhanced quality of life, and the strengthening of both organizational identity and environmental sustainability.

Identification of Managerial Drivers for the Advancement of E-Learning in Primary Education in the City of Hamedan

Mitra Khodarahmi

, Maria Nasiri *

, Mohammad Hosseinpour

The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying the managerial drivers for the advancement of e-learning in primary education in the city of Hamedan. From a research purpose perspective, the study is considered fundamental-applied, and in terms of methodology, it employed a qualitative research approach with an exploratory orientation. The statistical population consisted of academic and organizational experts (officials from the Ministry of Education), who were selected using purposive sampling and were considered as interviewees. Semi-structured interviews were used for data collection, and to ensure validity, the valuable opinions of faculty members familiar with this field and experts in higher education were utilized, which confirmed the validity of the measurement tool. For data analysis, theoretical coding was performed using Maxqda software. The results indicated that among the identified factors, the dimensions of technology, intrinsic motivation, and practical applicability were recognized as the core phenomena. Moreover, factors related to the management of teaching and learning, technology and technological management, and general managerial factors were identified as causal conditions or managerial elements influencing e-learning.

Designing a Model for the Incorruptible Appointment of Media Managers

Fatemeh Najafi

, Hamed Rahmani *

, Seyed Mehdi Alvani

https://doi.org/10.61838/medda.1.4.19

Media management, as one of the essential pillars influencing public opinion and societal culture, requires a structure that minimizes the potential for corruption and abuse. In light of growing concerns about corruption in media organizations and its detrimental impacts on society, this study was conducted with the aim of designing a model for the incorruptible appointment of managers in the media sector. For this purpose, a qualitative method was employed, and data were collected through semi-structured interviews with ten senior managers, deputies, and executives using purposive sampling. The collected data were analyzed using thematic analysis. During open coding, 262 statements were extracted, followed by axial coding, which resulted in the identification of 20 subcategories. Ultimately, through selective coding, six overarching categories were derived: absence of political, ethical, and ideological corruption; merit-based appointments; independent testing, evaluation, and monitoring; enhancement of media literacy and the transition toward learning organizations; a suitable system of rewards and penalties; and familiarity with media laws and current procedures. This study, through identifying and categorizing the factors influencing the incorruptible appointment of media managers, presents a conceptual model. This model can assist senior managers of media organizations in adopting a systematic and evidence-based approach to improve the managerial appointment process and prevent potential corruption and abuse. Such an approach not only promotes integrity and transparency within media organizations but can also have a positive influence on public opinion and cultural development.

Development of a Causal Model and Scenario Formulation for Industrial Resilience – The Auto Parts Manufacturing Industry

Hosnieh Chitsaz

; Morteza Mahmodzadeh *

; Yaghob Alavi Matin

, Sirous Fakhimi Azar

https://doi.org/10.61838/medda.2.1.18

The aim of the present study was to develop a causal model and formulate scenarios for industrial resilience using a thematic analysis approach and Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) in the auto parts manufacturing industry. In this research, key drivers affecting industrial resilience were identified and selected through thematic analysis and expert interviews. According to the research findings, the overall distribution pattern of industrial resilience drivers in the auto parts manufacturing sector indicates an unstable environmental system. The results of the interpretive structural modeling also show that the most influential components of the resilience model are the presence of multiple suppliers and contractors, as well as employee training and knowledge transfer. Furthermore, the most impacted components of the resilience model in the auto parts industry include creating a platform for inter-company collaboration, implementing activities related to sales promotion, networking and cooperation with competitors, institutions, and research and knowledge-based organizations, product introduction and advertisement, and customer engagement and feedback collection.

Design and Validation of an Experiential Marketing Model in Iran’s Health Tourism Industry

Aria Fakour

; Seyed Mehdi Jalali *

; Fariz Taheri Kia

https://doi.org/10.61838/medda.2.1.20

The present study was conducted with the aim of designing and validating an experiential marketing model in Iran’s health tourism industry. In terms of its nature, the research is applied; in terms of method, it is qualitative; the research approach is inductive; the prevailing paradigms include theoretical foundations and interviews, and the overall research paradigm is interpretivist. The research strategy is grounded theory, and data collection was carried out through both literature review and interviews. Interviews were conducted with experts and stakeholders in the field of health tourism to identify the factors and components shaping the experiential marketing model in the Iranian health tourism sector, specifically in the context of hospitals and treatment centers. In this phase, most interviews were conducted in person (with 5 individuals), while a smaller portion was done by phone (with 3 individuals). Ultimately, interviews were completed with a total of 8 participants. In total, over 173 minutes of interviews were conducted across a three-month period, coordinated with relevant experts. In the quantitative phase, a message was sent via the automation system to all members of the target population—consisting of over 500 individuals—requesting their cooperation in completing the questionnaire. Following extensive follow-ups, approximately 385 of these professionals completed and returned the questionnaire. The data collected from the interviews were analyzed using MAXQDA software, while model fit evaluation was conducted using SPSS and SmartPLS software. Following a comprehensive review of all interviews and the analysis of participants’ statements and viewpoints, as well as a systematic literature review, 78 open codes were identified in the open coding phase. After further examination and categorization, approximately 6 main categories and 15 subcategories were extracted. Moreover, the obtained model demonstrated an acceptable fit, with a model fit index value of 0.866, indicating a satisfactory overall model fit for the study.

About the Journal

Management, Education and Development in Digital Age is an open-access, peer-reviewed scholarly journal dedicated to advancing research and innovation at the intersection of management, education, and development in the context of digital transformation. The journal aims to serve as a global platform for researchers, academicians, industry professionals, and policymakers to exchange knowledge, ideas, and best practices related to digitalization’s impact on these fields.

Published quarterly, the journal follows a rigorous double-blind peer-review process, ensuring that each submitted manuscript undergoes thorough evaluation by at least two or three expert reviewers in the field. The journal upholds the highest ethical standards in publishing, adhering to international guidelines and principles to ensure integrity, originality, and academic rigor.

With an open-access policy, all published articles are freely available to researchers and practitioners worldwide, promoting the dissemination of knowledge without financial or technical barriers. The journal encourages submissions of original research papers, theoretical and conceptual studies, case studies, and literature reviews that contribute to the evolving discourse in management, education, and development in the digital era.

Current Issue

Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): Serial Number 5

Published: 2025-04-27

Articles

Sports Marketing in Small Neighborhood Stadiums

Hossein Mirzaei

; Ebrahim Alidoust Ghahfarokhi *

; Mehrzad Hamidi

1-12
- PDF
https://doi.org/10.61838/medda.2.1.1
A Performance Evaluation Model for the Logistics Service Companies of the Ministry of Oil Using an Integrated Approach of Data Envelopment Analysis and the Markowitz Method

Sayed Habibollah Bahrololum

; Ghanbar Abbas pour Esfeden *

; Kiamars Fathi

, Mahmood Modiri

13-28
- PDF
https://doi.org/10.61838/medda.2.1.2
Modeling Ethical Capital in Public Organizations: A Meta-Synthesis Approach to Ethical Excellence

Hamed Salimzadeh

; Mohammad Javad Taghipourian *

; Behzad Farrokh Seresht

, Javad Gilanipour

29-42
- PDF
https://doi.org/10.61838/medda.2.1.3
Educational Inequality, a Ground for Violence: Examining the Relationship Between School Resource Levels and Violence in an Urban District

Morteza Taheri

; Marzieh Mottaghi Dastnaei *

43-56
- PDF
https://doi.org/10.61838/medda.2.1.4
Proposing a Model for Knowledge Management Auditing in Islamic Azad University, Tehran Province (Case Study: Islamic Azad University, Tehran Province)

Mohsen Dadkhah Nikou

; Fattah Nazem *

; Hassan Shahraki Pour

57-68
- PDF
https://doi.org/10.61838/medda.2.1.5
Presenting a Competency Model for Managers in Public Organizations (Case Study: Plan and Budget Organization of Iran)

Ezzatollah Mohammadi

; Mohammad Bagheri *

; Serajeddin Mohebi

69-87
- PDF
https://doi.org/10.61838/medda.2.1.6
Designing a Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) Management Model Using a Combined Approach of Factor Analysis and Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) in the Power Distribution Companies of Northwest Iran

Hadi Golnahali

; Yaghoub Alavimatin *

; Farhad Nejad Irani

, Sirus Fakhimiazar

88-108
- PDF
https://doi.org/10.61838/medda.2.1.7
Identifying E-Learning Standards for Mathematics Education in Terms of Human Infrastructure in the Educational Ecosystem of Iraq

Samiya Sahib Hasan

; Badri Shahtalebi *

; Mowafag Abdulazeez Sleaf

, Faranak Mosavi

109-120
- PDF
https://doi.org/10.61838/medda.2.1.8
Identifying the Factors Influencing the Education of Civil Rights Literacy in the Education System

Shahram Ranjdoust *

; Saeedeh Allahabady

, Fatemeh Kangari

, Samereh Ziraki

121-133
- PDF
https://doi.org/10.61838/medda.2.1.9
Modeling the Future School with an Emphasis on the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Primary Education (Case Study: Primary Schools of Golestan Province)

Seyed Hamzeh Mirghasemi

; Kambiz Esmailnia Shirvani *

; Teyebeh Tajari

134-160
- PDF
https://doi.org/10.61838/medda.2.1.10
Modeling the Acceptance of Artificial Intelligence in Sports Services

Vali Shokri

, Faride Sharififar *

, Akbar Afarinesh Khaki

161-171
- PDF
https://doi.org/10.61838/medda.2.1.11
Designing a Blended Learning Model for Alborz University of Medical Sciences Based on a Grounded Theory Approach

Marzieh SeydAbadi

, Prinaz Benisi *

; Abbas Khorshidi

172-184
- PDF
https://doi.org/10.61838/medda.2.1.12
Designing an Inclusive Talent Management Model in the Educational System of the Islamic Republic of Iran

Abolfazl Safari *

; Reza Tahmasebi

, Jabar Babashahi

185-194
- PDF
https://doi.org/10.61838/medda.2.1.13
Designing a Model of Factors Affecting the Rule of Law Orientation in Public Sector Managers in Line with the Implementation of General Administrative Policies

Somayeh Moradian

, Samad Barani *

, Esmaeil Asadi

195-209
- PDF
https://doi.org/10.61838/medda.2.1.14
Designing the E-Learning Model of Islamic Azad University with a Mixed-Methods Approach

Zahra Heydari

; Leila Sharifian *

; Abbas Khorshidi

, Batool Faghieh Aram

, Pari Sosehabi

210-227
- PDF
https://doi.org/10.61838/medda.2.1.15
Designing a Social Media-Based Marketing Model in R&D Policies Using the Strategic CATWOE Approach in the Country’s Home Appliance Industry

Mohammad Hasan Najafi

; Hasan Mehrmanesh *

; Mohammad Reza Kabaran Zad Ghadim

228-245
- PDF
https://doi.org/10.61838/medda.2.1.16
Systematic Pathology of Technology Transfer and the Development of the Oil Industry in Iran

Masoud Kazemian Mohamadabadi

; Amir Bayat Turk *

; Ali Bonyadi Naeini

246-257
- PDF
https://doi.org/10.61838/medda.2.1.17
Development of a Causal Model and Scenario Formulation for Industrial Resilience – The Auto Parts Manufacturing Industry

Hosnieh Chitsaz

; Morteza Mahmodzadeh *

; Yaghob Alavi Matin

, Sirous Fakhimi Azar

258-275
- PDF
https://doi.org/10.61838/medda.2.1.18
Designing a Work Discipline Model in the Road Maintenance and Transportation Organization

Hamedeh Dehghani Samani

, Mehraban Hadi Peykani *

, Reza Ebrahimzadeh Dastjerdi

276-290
- PDF
https://doi.org/10.61838/medda.2.1.19
Design and Validation of an Experiential Marketing Model in Iran’s Health Tourism Industry

Aria Fakour

; Seyed Mehdi Jalali *

; Fariz Taheri Kia

291-309
- PDF
https://doi.org/10.61838/medda.2.1.20

View All Issues

Management, Education and Development in Digital Age

Factors Affecting the Development of Zurkhaneh Sports in Iran with a Futures Studies Approach

Identification and Prioritization of Factors Influencing Convert Leadership Based on the Lived Experiences of Higher Education Center Managers

An Integrated ISM and Fuzzy AHP Approach to Improve Iranian Handicraft Businesses in the E-Commerce Context with a Focus on Enhancing Customer Trust

Work–Life Balance in Teleworking Conditions in Government Organizations: Strategies and Outcomes

Identification of Managerial Drivers for the Advancement of E-Learning in Primary Education in the City of Hamedan

Designing a Model for the Incorruptible Appointment of Media Managers

Development of a Causal Model and Scenario Formulation for Industrial Resilience – The Auto Parts Manufacturing Industry

Design and Validation of an Experiential Marketing Model in Iran’s Health Tourism Industry

About the Journal

Current Issue

Articles

Sports Marketing in Small Neighborhood Stadiums

A Performance Evaluation Model for the Logistics Service Companies of the Ministry of Oil Using an Integrated Approach of Data Envelopment Analysis and the Markowitz Method

Modeling Ethical Capital in Public Organizations: A Meta-Synthesis Approach to Ethical Excellence

Educational Inequality, a Ground for Violence: Examining the Relationship Between School Resource Levels and Violence in an Urban District

Proposing a Model for Knowledge Management Auditing in Islamic Azad University, Tehran Province (Case Study: Islamic Azad University, Tehran Province)

Presenting a Competency Model for Managers in Public Organizations (Case Study: Plan and Budget Organization of Iran)

Designing a Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) Management Model Using a Combined Approach of Factor Analysis and Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) in the Power Distribution Companies of Northwest Iran

Identifying E-Learning Standards for Mathematics Education in Terms of Human Infrastructure in the Educational Ecosystem of Iraq

Identifying the Factors Influencing the Education of Civil Rights Literacy in the Education System

Modeling the Future School with an Emphasis on the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Primary Education (Case Study: Primary Schools of Golestan Province)

Modeling the Acceptance of Artificial Intelligence in Sports Services

Designing a Blended Learning Model for Alborz University of Medical Sciences Based on a Grounded Theory Approach

Designing an Inclusive Talent Management Model in the Educational System of the Islamic Republic of Iran

Designing a Model of Factors Affecting the Rule of Law Orientation in Public Sector Managers in Line with the Implementation of General Administrative Policies

Designing the E-Learning Model of Islamic Azad University with a Mixed-Methods Approach

Designing a Social Media-Based Marketing Model in R&D Policies Using the Strategic CATWOE Approach in the Country’s Home Appliance Industry

Systematic Pathology of Technology Transfer and the Development of the Oil Industry in Iran

Development of a Causal Model and Scenario Formulation for Industrial Resilience – The Auto Parts Manufacturing Industry

Designing a Work Discipline Model in the Road Maintenance and Transportation Organization

Design and Validation of an Experiential Marketing Model in Iran’s Health Tourism Industry

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