Identifying E-Learning Standards for Mathematics Education in Terms of Human Infrastructure in the Educational Ecosystem of Iraq

Abstract

The present study aimed to identify the e-learning standards for mathematics education in terms of human infrastructure within the educational ecosystem of Iraq. This research employed a qualitative approach based on thematic analysis as well as a quantitative (descriptive-survey) method. The qualitative research environment included all articles indexed in international databases such as Elsevier, Emerald, ScienceDirect, Springer, and reputable websites between the years 1997 and 2023 that focused on e-learning standards for mathematics education. Accordingly, the research environment comprised 30 articles and books related to e-learning standards for mathematics education from the perspective of human infrastructure. The sampling method used in this study was purposive criterion-based sampling. The statistical population of the quantitative section included all mathematics teachers in Iraq, from which 384 individuals were selected through convenience sampling. The instrument used in the quantitative part was a researcher-made questionnaire derived from the qualitative section of the study, consisting of 25 items on a five-point Likert scale. The findings indicated that the organizing theme of human infrastructure comprises two dimensions: students and teachers. According to the five indices (NFI, RFI, IFI, GFI, CFI), the results showed that the model of e-learning standards for mathematics education in the dimension of human infrastructure demonstrated a good fit.